Organelles+Info+-+Period+5

= = Cell Organelles Period 5

Mike -Nucleus

ð Acts as the brain of the cell ð Controls eating, movement, and reproduction ð Is surrounded by the nuclear envelope which protects the nucleus from the cytoplasm ð Regulates all cell activities ð Only present in eukaryotic cells ð It is located usually in the center of the cell, but never by the edge ð Helps with things like the reproduction of cells



The nucleus is died blue

Robbie -Nuclear Envelope and Nucleolus Nuclear Envelope and Nucleolus Nuclear Membrane- the two layered membrane around the nucleus separating the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm. The Nuclear Membrane is semipermeable to specific molecules such as DNA, RNA and ATP.

Nucleolus- A round body made of protein and RNA and is located in the nucleus of the cell. The Nucleolus holds the genetic information such as the RNA and DNA. The nucleolus is about 1 micro meter in diameter. Dan -Chromatin and Chromosomes

Justin - Ribosomes Ribosomes are made of two subunits that scientists have named 60-S(large) and 40-S(small). The two subunits come together to form the full ribosomes and make proteins.

Ribosomes are not membrane bound like other organelles.

Ribosomes come together and make proteins for the body.

Ribosomes float around in the cytoplasm of a cell and make proteins.

Ribosomes can be found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Ribosomes are one of the many things that float around in the cytoplasm of cells.

Raeanne - Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Rough and Smooth- Function: ER functions as a packaging system ~Smooth ER has its purpose in the cell. It acts as a storage organelle. It is important in the creation and storage of steroids. It also stores ions in solution that the cell may need at a later time. ~They are very important in the synthesis and packaging of proteins. Some of those proteins might be used in the cell and some are sent out.

~It has a cell membrane.

~It does not work alone. The ER works closely with the Golgi Apparatus, Ribosomes ,and RNA.

~This is the structure of the Rough ER :



This is the structure of the Smooth ER and what it looks like. and what it looks like:



-It is found in both Animal and Plant cells. -It is located near the nucleus. -The E.R is 2 nanometers.

John D - Cytoplasm It is responsible for keeping the structure of an organelle. · Cytoplasm is in every cell. · It takes up all of the extra space throughout the cells. · It is jelly like. This is showing where the cytoplasm is in a cell.
 * Fluid where the organelles remain suspended.
 * It fills up the cell especially the spaces not occupied by organelles.
 * There is no membrane in cytoplasm.
 * The size of a cytoplasm varies on what kind of cell it is.
 * It plays a mechanical role and helps maintain the shape of organelles.
 * It is also a storage places for some chemicals

__Golgi__
 * Amelia - Golgi**

The Golgi apparatus is found in both plant and animal cells. It is a eukaryotic cell
 * It is composed of stacks of membrane-bound structures that are called cisternae.
 * It contains a membrane.
 * It is so small that it cannot be seen with the human eye. (microscopic)
 * The Golgi is responsible for sorting and packaging all the cells macromolecules so that they can be used throughout the cell.
 * It primarily modifies proteins delivered from the rough endoplasmic reticulum but it is also involved in the transport of lipids round the cell.
 * It is usually located near the nucleus of the cell. The location of the Golgi also relates to its structure and function

Brianna -Vacuoles and Lysosomes __Vacuoles__ - Membrane that surrounds a mass of fluids (vacuoles) - 50% of the volume of the cell but can take up 95% - Other info - Stores nutrients, metabolites, waste - Maintains the structure of the cell - Can by found in any part of the cell - Found mainly in plant cells but sometimes in animal cells - Pressure applied by the vacuole is called turgor __Lysosomes__ - single membrane organelles - contain over 40 enzymes - hold enzymes that were created by the cell - lysosomes digest things - a specialized vesicle that holds a variety of enzymes - found in almost every animal-like eukaryotic cell

Chris H - Mitochondria Mitochondria Ryan - Chloroplasts
 * Multiple inner and outer membranes composed of proteins.
 * Has more then one membrane.
 * Microscopic.
 * It is found in most of all eukaryotic
 * Produces ATP. It also regulates metabolism and cellular respiration.
 * It is responsible for making ATP. However, the mitochondrion has many other functions in addition to the production of ATP.
 * Located in cytoplasm in most eukaryotic cells.
 * Eukaryotic cells.[[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0a/Mitochondria_-_TEM.jpg width="120" height="140"]]
 * Very weird shaped in squiggles.

__Chloroplast__-

Use- -Is used to make plants go through photosynthesis. They use the suns energy to create sugars. Then the sugars are given to the plant.

-They go through this because they contain chlorophyll. This gives plants its green color.

-It is located in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

-It has an oval shape.

-It has a double outer membrane.

-They are microscopic.

-The thylakoids and grana are where photosynthesis takes place.

Morgan -Leucoplasts and Chromoplasts

Structure: Spherical body in plant cell
 * Luecoplasts:**

Size: 10-50um (flattened shape)

This is found in plant cells

**Leucoplasts** are a category of [|plastid] and as such are [|organelles] found in [|plant cells]. They are non-pigmented, in contrast to other plastids such as the [|chloroplast]. Lacking [|pigments], so they are predictably located in [|roots] and non-photosynthetic tissues of plants. They may become specialized for bulk storage of [|starch], [|lipid] or [|protein]

This is a close up view of the leucoplast Structure: Spherical body in plant cell
 * Chromoplasts:**

Function: Synthesize and store pigment

This is also found in plant cells.

**- Structure?** **Long protein tubes. Made of polymers of a and B tubulin dimers.**
 * Amanda - Microtubules**

**- Membrane/no membrane?** **No membrane**

**- Size?** **They have a diameter of 25 nanometers and a length that varies from 200 nanometers to 25 micrometers.**

**- Function?** **Cellular frame work.**

**- What does it do?** **Serves as structural components within cells and are involved in many cellular processes that are vital for the survival of a cell, including mitosis, cytokinesis, and vesicular transport**

**- What is it responsible for in the cell/organism?** **Sustain the function of the cell wall, in gravity resistance.**

**- Location?** **In the Golgi body.**

**- What cells?** **Prokaryotic.**

Shauna - Microfilaments

occurring singly and in bundles
Chris N - Cilia Structure: A cylindrical array of 9 filaments consisting of a complete microtubule (extending to the tip of cilia), a partial microtubule that doesn’t extend as far, and the entire assembly is protected by a membrane which is an extension of the plasma membrane.

Membrane/No Membrane: Yes

Size: 10 to 15 micrometers on average, and sometimes over 50 micrometers long.

Function: In single cell organisms they move the entire organism, and in multi-cellular organisms, they move fluid or other materials past an immobile cell, or moving a cell or group of cells.

What is it responsible for in the cell/organism? In humans, it helps prevent germs from getting into the lungs.

Location: On the cells surface.

What cells? Eukaryotic cells.

John P - Flagella Flagella are long, thread-like appendages, which provide some live single cells with the ability to move, motility. Single cells use Flagella to propel themselves forward and backwards. Flagella are located around the cell to make them move easier. Flagella have a pair of single microtubules. The flagella in prokaryote cells are different than eukaryote cells.

Jim -Centrioles A **centriole** is a barrel-shaped cell structure found in most animal eukaryotic cell. The walls of each centriole are usually composed of nine triplets of microtubule. A centriole is a small set of microtubules arranged in a specific way. There are nine groups of microtubules. When two centrioles are found next to each other, they are usually at right angles Three dimensional view

Ro - Plastids -Cells that store specific things -Found in most plant cells but not in animal cells -Form small colorless bodies called proplastids -3 plastid categories - Leucoplasts: store starch granules - Chromoplass:store pigment molecules - Chloroplast: essential in photosynthesis process -They are found in the cytoplasmic matrix of plant cells only -They can easily be seem through a light microscope -Is commonly found within the cells of photosynthetic organisms like plants. -Contains green pigment -Have there own DNA and Ribosome -Used as storage structure -Have circular DNA -Begin as proplastids

Cytoskeleton
 * Cellular Scaffolding within the cytoplasm that is made of proteins
 * Present in all cells - Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic
 * Plays a role in cellular transport and cell division
 * Provides the cell with structure and shape
 * Interact extensively with cellular membranes
 * Three main types of cytoskeletal filaments in Eukaryotic Cells
 * Microfilaments
 * Intermediate Filaments
 * Microtubules

Dan- Chromatin and Chromozome

Structure- A complex of nucleic acids and proteins in the nucleus of a cell Function- stains readily with basic dyes and condenses to form chromosomes during cell division. Size- longs strands

Chromosome Definition- Distinct body in nucleus that appears during cell division, composed of DNA and protein and containing genes Structure- A threadlike linear strand of DNA and associated proteins in the nucleus Function- carries the genes and functions in the transmission of hereditary information. Size- Long strands They are the parts of the cell that are used for reproduction